The Law of Moses

Explore the Ten Commandments

Eighth Word: You shall not steal.

Exodus 20:15 (CJB)

“You are not to steal.”

Cultural Context

In the ancient Near Eastern culture, property rights were essential for survival, social stability, and family inheritance. Communities were often agrarian or pastoral, relying heavily on land, livestock, and possessions to sustain life. Theft not only caused economic harm but also threatened the delicate balance of trust and order within small, closely-knit societies. Unlike some neighboring cultures where might often made right, the commandment “You are not to steal” emphasized respect for others’ belongings as a foundation for justice and peace. It reinforced the idea that every person’s property, no matter how small, deserved protection and that living honestly was vital to maintaining communal harmony and reflecting God’s righteous standards. This commandment also extended beyond simple theft to promote fairness and respect in all dealings.

Christian Understanding

A common misconception about the eighth commandment is that it only refers to blatant theft, like stealing physical objects. In reality, it encompasses a broader principle of respecting others’ rights and property in all forms, including fraud, cheating, or taking advantage of someone’s vulnerability. Some also think that minor or “small” theft is insignificant, but the commandment applies regardless of the value stolen, emphasizing integrity in every action. Another misunderstanding is that stealing was socially acceptable in ancient times as a means of survival or retribution; however, the commandment clearly upholds honesty and justice as essential to community life. Clarity comes from recognizing that this law protects social trust and reflects God’s character, calling the community to honor others by respecting what belongs to them, fostering fairness and peace.