The Law of Moses

Explore the Ten Commandments

Ninth Word: You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

Exodus 20:16 (CJB)

“You are not to testify falsely against your neighbor.”

Cultural Context

In the cultural context of the ancient Near East, legal disputes and community trust heavily depended on honest testimony. Courts often relied on the spoken word of witnesses because written records were limited, making truthful speech essential for justice to be served. False testimony could lead to wrongful punishments, loss of property, or damaged reputations, which not only harmed individuals but also disrupted social harmony. In many surrounding cultures, manipulation of testimony or bribery to sway judgments was common, but the commandment “You are not to testify falsely against your neighbor” set a higher standard of integrity. It underscored that justice in the Israelite community depended on truth and fairness, reflecting God’s righteous character and ensuring that relationships and society remained just and stable.

Christian Understanding

A common misconception about the ninth commandment is that it only applies to formal court cases or legal settings. In reality, it addresses all forms of dishonest speech about others, including gossip, slander, and any false statements that harm a person’s reputation or relationships. Some also believe that minor exaggerations or “white lies” are harmless, but this commandment calls for a commitment to truthfulness in all circumstances. Another misunderstanding is that false testimony was just an individual failing, when in fact, it had serious social consequences—undermining justice, community trust, and the well-being of neighbors. Clarity comes from understanding that this commandment protects the integrity of both the individual and the community, emphasizing that honesty is foundational to justice and reflects God’s character of truth and fairness.